TIME: ABSTRACT DISTANCE

Time is the perception of becoming, as well as the color is the perception of the wavelength of visible spectrum (light). Both are objective, but differ in that the color is particular and the time is abstract. A certain amount of time "t" is the product of an objective abstraction. The becoming-time duality is analogous to the wavelength-color duality (light). We already know that the first one is called duration. 

The interpretation of the colors and their relation to emotions are subjective. Emotions can also affect time. Time seems to pass faster when we are happy or distracted than when we are sad or waiting for something. 

When we think about an hour, we do not remember everything that it happened in that period, but we abstract the distance or interval between the beginning and the end of the hour. Time is an abstract but objective distance; the space is concrete. With age it makes easier to us to abstract longer time periods each time.

THE TIME SYMBOL

When we talk about activity in Philochrony we refer to the CAOP (continuous activity with orderly pace). 
The CAOP is inherent to time. 

When we see this symbol we must remember that in a time interval there is no distance or space, but activity. 

NOTES: 
- The apex of the A points to 12:00. 
- The opposite ends to the apex point at 5:00 and 7:00 respectively. 
- The center line marks 9:16.

THE INTERVAL IN THE PHILOCHRONY

An interval is the distance between two points in space or time. The definition given by dictionaries about interval is incorrect, because in the time there can be no space or distance, but continuous activity (CA) with orderly pace (OP). This is the CAOP. In a time interval there is activity, no space. The space alone is motionless. The CAOP is manifested in all phenomena: physical, chemical, biological, meteorological, etc. The measure of time (duration) does not measure distance, measures the CAOP. 

Examples of CAOP are astronomical cycles: 
- The succession of day and night. 
- The succession of the seasons in the year. 
- The phases of the Moon. 
Conventionally, we have the succession of days and months (names). 

In all processes we find the CAOP. This is an universal principle. This explanation is to establish the difference between the intervals of space and time. In the space bodies move from one place to another and in the time beings pass from one moment to another.

THE SIGNS OF SPACE AND TIME

Peircean Philochrony (Charles S. Peirce)

Types of images or signs: icons, indexes and symbols 

- The icon is similar to the object. 
- The index is directly related to the object. 
- The symbol is given by a law or convention. 
- All words are symbols. 

SPACE 

The space (icon)

Coordinate axis (index) 

Dimensions (Index) 

----------------------------> Direction and sense. 

TIME

The Clock (icon and index) 

Calendar (Index) 

The law of the senses (index) 

........ B-A
b----------------->p<---------------- 
........ past .... becoming ... future

Note that an arrow in the space indicates direction and sense, but in the time indicates only sense.

LAW OF THE SENSES (--><--)

According to the mathematical law of the senses time flows from the future to the present or becoming of moments (<----), but events are presented to us in a direction from the past to the present or to the future (---->). When we think about an event that happened we project to the past and when we think about an event will happen after now we project to the future.

......... B-A
b----------------->p<---------------- 
........ past .... becoming ... future

b is beginning, p is present, B is before and A is after. Present is a flowing and dimensionless point that the subject projects to the past or to the future. The becoming is the present. The whole scheme integrates the becoming-time.

MENTAL MAP OF TIME

The branch of the clocks corresponds to the field of the Physics. The branch of the calendar corresponds to the Astronomy. The branch of the concepts corresponds to the Philosophy. And the branch of theories corresponds to the Philochrony.

THE MODULATION OF MATHEMATICAL TIME

In the temporal modulation the becoming modulates the mathematical time. The continuous succession of unrepeatable moments is modulated by the occurrence of events that make becoming. The becoming does not affect the duration of the intervals. An hour lasts the same for a person working and for other person that is relaxed on a bed. The becoming gives shape and substance to the mathematical time. Destiny is the people's becoming. Monotony is an unmodulated time without becoming, for example, the operation of the clocks.

METAPHOR OF THE WAVE MODULATION

The carrier wave is the time and the signal is the becoming.

THE THEORY OF INEXORABILITY 3

The shape of the trajectory of a body in relative motion. 

From all frames of reference an object thrown by an observer reach the same destination inexorably. The object launched accumulates the inertia of the mobile.

In the image above the object thrown by the observer on the plane will fall inexorably in his hands regardless of the shape of the trajectory is observed. 

RELATIVE MOTION

In the video the ball will fall inexorably in the cart, althought we see that its trajectory was a straight line or a curve. 

The shape of the trajectory (rectilinear, circular or parabolic) is an issue that does not interest to the Philochrony. Therefore, the Theory of Inexorability doesn't considere the reference frame of the observer. 

The Theory of Inexorability unifies all reference frames.

METAPHOR OF THE PLANE

Time is like a plane flying. 

We have no idea of ​​the speed 
of the plane or the distance traveled. 
The amount of time is not perceived, 
we can only have one reference of the 
elapsed time. This reference is the 
most precious garment: the clock. 

The true value of a clock is not 
in gold or diamond that adorn it 
but on the accuracy of marks time. 

We all travel in space-time in
our ship that is Earth.

THE THEORY OF INEXORABILITY 2

The Theory of Relativity: time dilation

Starting point: In all frames of reference "the succession of moments is continuous and irreversible." This defines time.

1 - Experiment with atomic clocks on planes:
Two clocks are synchronized. One is placed in a plane that takes flight and the other remains on the ground.

2 - Light Clocks (mental experiment):
Two clocks that have two opposite mirrors are compared. A photon bounces from one mirror to another. One of the clocks are moving at nearly the speed of light.

3 - Twins Paradox (mental experiment):
An astronaut flying on his ship for ten years in space. His twin brother stays on Earth. Both have thirty years old. The astronaut flies ten years to 260,000 Km/s. Then comes back to Earth in another ten years. When he returns is fifty years old and when he meets with his brother he realizes that his brother has aged forty years and has reached seventy years.

In these three cases the time passes inexorably from past to future regardless of the reference frame in which the observer is located or clocks. The measure of clocks is related directly to the duration, not time. Time does not change its nature, it is invariable. The time travel would change his nature.

The Theory of Inexorability unifies the Newton's time and the Einstein's time.

THE THEORY OF INEXORABILITY 1

The Theory of Inexorability offers an explanation that includes the Isaac Newton's absolute time and Albert Einstein's relative time.

Time is inexorable or absolute in the sense that "the succession of moments is continuous and irreversible". Time is unstoppable and unrepeatable. Time passes and nothing external alters their characteristics; even speed. Speed ​​affects the operation of the clocks (duration ), but not time itself.

The distance and size mediates between the subject and the space. The duration mediates between the subject and the time. Space is unlimited, no limits. Bodies have limits. Beings and phenomena have a beginning, a process and an end, ie, last in time. We take a periodic phenomenon to measure time putting it limits. This is the duration. We can manipulate the duration, ie, the beginning or the end of something, but not the time. It is impossible to travel to the past or to the future. The science fiction movies feed the idea of ​​time travel. We know and remember the past thanks to our memory.

In all frames of reference "the succession of moments is continuous and irreversible."

INTERVALS COUNTERS

These devices are odometers that record kilometers traveled by a car and clocks that record the hours, minutes and seconds elapsed in a day. The odometers are in relation to the distance traveled by the car and clocks are in relation to the duration of the rotation of the Earth (solar day). If the car stops the record of the kilometer stops. This is a particular measure. If the clock stops time does not stops, this is ongoing. Time is a universal parameter.

In the car there are:

a) a move or displacement from one place to another, and
b ) wear of energy.

In the time there are:

a) a succession of moments, that individuals experience as the flow of phenomena and that in return generates the "aex".
b) a development, and then
c) a material deterioration or gradual degradation of the bodies.

The road signs indicating the distances are also intervals counters.

JOSE IGNACIO LATORRE'S QUOTES

Latorre is a spanish physicist. 

1 - "A clock is a physical phenomenon that gives us a reference cycle. The clock controls a periodic motion."

2 - "Time is a parameter that relates two movements." 

3 - "We can not measure time, we count all the tics that are caused by something else."

4 - "From the conceptual point of view you can not watch time, but that time is the relation between two phenomena."

Note that physicists are very likely to use the operational definitions. This has its advantage because it allows other researchers to perform the same operations performed by an investigator. The disadvantage is that the scope of the operational definition is very limited. 

I have said repeatedly that clocks measure time counting equal periods. We measure the duration of an event relating it to a clock. Physicists neither use the concept of duration, which is the interval between two moments. Let's remember that the formula of the psychological duratio is: pd = aex + t.

Un saludo.

THE PHILOCHROANALYSIS. Part 2

The philochroanalysis is the philochron analysis of reality. The new process of philochroanalysis is as follows:

BECOMING--------TIME--------DURATION------PSYCH. DURATION
(to become) ... (ocurrence) ..... (interval) ........... (aex + t)

THE PHILOCHRON LINE OF TIME IS:

Past .... Present
------------> ......... Future

The future is not itself part of the time, but it is the destination we all headed inexorably. The future does not exist and is uncertain. Time goes right to the future, no more options. In this consists of the straight line of time. The arrow of line is the present or now. The past is what has been reality and real evidences stay from him.

P.S.: Time is the continuous and serial occurrence of a phenomenon. 
The duration is the interval between two moments. In the duration we identify a beginning, a certain rate and an end.

Hasta la vista.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DURATION AND THE OAE

To measure the movement the observer must place in a inertial frame of reference (if he is in rest or moving with constant velocity) or non-inertial (if acceleration is present). In Philochrony the OAE is the Observer of Accumulated Experiences (aex), which he uses as a frame of reference to estimate the passage of time or duration. 

Reaffirming. 

1 - Time is the continuous occurrence of a phenomenon. 

2 - The duration is the interval between two moments which we identify as the beginning and the end. 

3 - Time is a universal magnitude because it passes everywhere equally and regardless of the state of motion of the observer. 

4 - We measure the duration counting equal time periods (cycles). 

5 - In the measurement of the duration we look to the past or the future to compare the time units. To interpret the duration the observer uses his accumulated experience (aex).

6- The formula of the psychological duration is: pd = aex + t . The sign plus (+ ) indicates a fusion between time and the subject. The "aex" includes not only age but also reflection on the concept of time. Without this fusion the psychological duration is not set.

SPECULATIVE PHYSICS

Physics is one of the more experimental sciences, but his marriage with Mathematics has made it away, in some particular cases, from reality. Mathematics not always reflect the true behavior of phenomena .

I have read that equations are equally true no matter which sense the events occur. For equations is equal that planets rotate in one or other sense. This is what I call speculative Physics contrary to empirical Physics. The directionality of time (from past to future) is based on the principle of cause and effect. Always cause produces the effect, never the reverse. Thinking that some laws of nature can be true regardless of the sense of phenomena is pure speculation, almost reaching the absurd.

SPECULATIVE CASES OF PHYSICS

1 - Albert Einstein's ideas about that:
- Time must be considered the fourth dimension of space.
- Space and time are relative, which can expand or contract.

2 - The Zeno of Elea's paradoxes.

THE SPEED OF LIGHT

"I'm trying to post a video."

1 - The speed of light is constant regardless of the reference frame is considered. 

2 - The light does not accumulate inertia because it is not matter. 

3 - So, what the external observer observes is not a real diagonal but an optic illusion. 

4 - The theory of relativity is based on an optic illusion to outline that time is relative. 

5 - The motion and its trajectory are relative, but space and time are absolute.

WHAT IS TIME?

Time is objective, absolute and perceptible. Time is the inherent property of matter to experience changes which manifest between a beginning and an end (duration). The duration is objective, relative and imperceptible (It is a priori). Duration is the interval between two moments.

Time is absolute because it doesn't have a cause. Time is the first cause, the first motor. The duration is relative, not due to the movement, but the sequential order in which events occur. We have three events a, b and c . "b" is earlier with respect to "c", but is also later with respect to "a". Also the duration is relative because it depends on several factors: the intensity and pace of events and the consistency of the bodies.

The high speed does not affect time, but it alters the perception of objects subject to it. For example, when we go in a car on the road and we look to a side, we see that things are moving in the opposite direction to the car .

P.S.:
- The becoming is the beginning of an interval or a phenomenon.
- A priori is intuitive.

WHAT IS SPACE?

Space is the extension in three directions (3D) of a given location (absolute) where the objects and events that occur have a "relative" position and direction. In this definition we find that the space is "absolute" and that objects and phenomena have a relative location. 

Space is objective, absolute and imperceptible directly. We arrive at the concept of space through intuition. The space is a priori. Size, distance and location are objective, relative and perceptible. According to Isaac Newton, space was absolute, in the sense that it was permanent and existed independently of matter.

MEASURING: QUANTITATIVE CONTROL

This is a different view on the issue of measurement. Here the levels of measurement are: counting, comparing and calculating . See post #301: Quantification in Philochrony on December 6, 2013 . We measure the extent or the distance by comparing their magnitudes with the corresponding unit (m, cm, km). We measure the potential difference or voltage of a circuit comparing its magnitude with the corresponding unit (volt). We calculate the speed with the formula s = d / t. Cars also have their own speedometer.

- Now, under this view, clocks measure time by counting hours, minutes and seconds.
- Now we measure time by counting the days with the help of a calendar.

Duration is our mental clock and works by applying the formula: d = aex + t . " aex " is accumulated experience. The plus sign (+ ) indicates a fusion between time and the subject. Experience is not only external but also internal. Emotions and intuitions are part of our inner experience. The duration is acquired adulthood and reflection in the different units of time. Musicians make frequent use of the duration in their work.

Time is irreversible and unrepeatable, but a way to keep it is duration. Thanks to the duration we can organize our memories and plan for the future .

THE NEW BECOMING-TIME

The river metaphor. 

The new concept of becoming-time arises from the philochroanalysis process (see the post THE PHILOCHROANALYSIS). Before I think about this process we considered the becoming always flowed from the beginning to the end of an interval (all river in the metaphor). Now, by definition of this term, we consider that the becoming (to be born) gives birth to all beings and phenomena and time supports their continuity in the reality. 

In the river metaphor we see that the becoming gives birth to the river (beginning) and the route is the time. The mouth is the end of the interval, the end of the river. The becoming of a day is the midnight and time are all its stages. We perceive time in each phase of the day. The first moment of a song is its becoming and remaining moments are its time to the last.

PS: Time is the inherent property of matter to experience changes.

PHILOCHRON BLACK HOLE