TIME AND ITS MEASUREMENT. TRANSCHRONY

 To recap, time is the interval between two sequential moments, one of which is the beginning and the other the end. The connection between the beginning and the end is transchrony. Transchrony is the principle or the ability to connect the start and end of an interval. Transchrony can be objective (within the intervals) or subjective. Time is measured using periodic phenomena. These phenomena always repeat with the same period. The first measurements of time took into account the movements of the Earth and the Moon. Then the first clocks appeared: sundials, water clocks, and hourglasses. In the Middle Ages, mechanical and pendulum clocks emerged. In the 20th century, quartz and atomic clocks appeared.

Elvis Sibilia. Florida. United States 

 

 

CATARACT SURGERY

I'm addressing this post to my readers in the United States, or if possible, from other countries, because I need your help for cataract surgery. You can send your help via Zelle to my phone number: 954-817-7244. 

In December 2016, I underwent open-heart surgery and have a pacemaker. My recovery was a miracle. Last December, I suffered a stroke and feel very weak. For these reasons, I'm not working. 

I would greatly appreciate your help. 

My time in this life is coming to an end.

Elvis Sibilia, Florida, United States 

THE NATURE OF SPACE AND TIME

Space and time are related because they are composed of intervals. But there is a big difference between these intervals. The components of intervals are extremes and extension. In space, the components are coexisting, and in time, the components are sequential. In space, intervals can be horizontal, vertical, and transverse. In time, they are only sequential. 

Also, in space, intervals are reversible, but in time, they are not. The space-time of relativity was a mathematical trick by Albert Einstein to demonstrate that gravity is not a force and that Isaac Newton was wrong about his theory of gravity. Einstein reasoned based on the equation V = d/t. Einstein isolated time from the equation. Time is relative, but space and time are independent. 

Einstein was right about special relativity, but not about general relativity.

Elvis Sibilia, Florida, United States 

THE HISTORY OF TIME MEASUREMENT

Measuring is comparing an unknown quantity with a known quantity to determine how many times the unknown quantity contains the unit. We all know sequentially what an hour, a minute, a second, a day, a month, a year, etc. are. Clocks measure time by counting periodic intervals. 

The Ancients realized the periodicity of some phenomena, such as the movements of the Earth and the Moon, and thus discovered time. 

Some argue that time is what clocks measure, but they also claim that clocks measure time, which constitutes a circularity. However, the truth is that time is the physical magnitude that continually increases in value due to the duration of beings and their changes. Clocks do not discriminate between day and night. 

In ancient times, the first clocks appeared: the sundial, the hourglass, and water clocks. The latter are called clepsydras. But the sundial was only useful during the day. 

Mechanical and pendulum clocks emerged in the Middle Ages. In the 20th century, quartz clocks appeared, and finally, atomic clocks emerged. Another classification of clocks is hands-on clocks and digital or numeric clocks.

Elvis Sibilia, Florida, United States 

PHILOCHRONY: THE LANGUAGE OF TIME. HOW DO WE PROCESS TIME

The processing of time is similar to how we acquire concepts. Through a process of intuition, we abstract the duration of beings. Duration is the permanence of beings and their changes in reality in a given place and state. We record this abstraction in memory. 

In time measurements, we associate numbers with abstractions of duration. In language, we associate words with the abstraction of objects. The language of time is through a number and a unit of time that has been abstracted. 

From Philochrony, some concepts have emerged, such as the becoming-duration duality, magnitive time, the parallelochron, Philochrony, etc.

Clocks, calendars and the diary are tools of Philochrony; although time is a physical magnitude.

Elvis Sibilia, Florida, United States 

HOW DO WE PERCEIVE TIME?

This article should really have been called "How do we become aware of time?" Because time is not perceived. Through a process of intuition, we abstract the duration of beings. Duration is the permanence of beings and their changes in reality in a given place or state. 

We perceive becoming, but not time. Becoming is the continuous succession of irreversible changes that go from the past to the future, passing through the present.

We record this abstraction in our memory. In time measurements, we associate numbers with abstractions of duration. For some people, time is an illusion, but time is a physical magnitude and therefore not an illusion.

 In ancient times, people determined the duration of the day and divided it into 24 hours. We don't have a sense for perceiving duration. We also abstract duration from the aging and material deterioration of beings.

 In conclusion, we do not mean here to say that time is a product of the mind because time is a physical entity and therefore real.

Elvis Sibilia, Florida, United States 

PERIODIC CHANGES

Periodic changes are those that repeat every certain period of time. This is a topic that fascinates me greatly. For example, midnight is a periodic phenomenon. Two consecutive midnights mark the length of a day. Periodic phenomena can be temporal and wave-like. I will first refer to temporal phenomena and then to wave-like phenomena. Periodic publications are those that appear every certain period of time. They can be daily, weekly, or monthly. The year is another periodic phenomenon. In clocks, we have artificial periodic phenomena: the second, the minute, and the hour. Other artificial periodic phenomena are the week, the month, the decade, etc. 

The stars in the universe are governed by periodic phenomena. An example is Halley Comet, which passes close to the Sun every 75 years.

 According to their speed, periodic phenomena are classified as fast and slow. Temporal phenomena are slow. Waves are fast periodic phenomena. Waves are characterized by frequency, period, wavelength, and speed. Light and sound are waves.

Elvis Sibilia, Florida, Estados Unidos